Fa'amatalaga o le Oloa
O paipa u'amea e fa'apipi'iina i le u'amea e le gaoia o ni vaega taua i le tele o alamanuia ona o lo latou tumau, tete'e atu i le 'ele, ma le tele o mea e mafai ona fa'aaogaina. O nei paipa e gaosia e ala i se faiga fa'apipi'i, e fa'apipi'i ai pepa u'amea po'o ni fasipepa e fai ai ni paipa lapotopoto. O se aotelega atoa lea o paipa u'amea e fa'apipi'iina i le u'amea:
Meafaitino ma Vasega:
● Fa'asologa 304 ma le 316: O vasega u'amea e le gaoia mo le fa'amoemoega lautele.
● 310/S ma le 310H: Uamea e le gaoia e tete'e i le vevela maualuga mo le fa'aaogaina i ogaumu ma mea e fesuia'i ai le vevela.
● 321 ma le 321H: Vasega e tete'e i le vevela e talafeagai mo siosiomaga e maualuga le vevela.
● 904L: O le u'amea fa'a'ele e tete'e tele i le 'ele mo siosiomaga faigata.
● S31803: Uamea e le gaoia fa'alua, e ofoina atu le malosi ma le tete'e atu i le 'ele.
Faiga o le Gaosiga:
● Fa'avelaina Fa'atasi Fa'aeletise (EFW): I lenei faiga, e fa'avelaina se so'oga umi e ala i le fa'aogaina o le malosiaga eletise i le au fa'avelaina.
● Fa'avevela i lalo o le 'Arc Welding' (SAW): O iinei, e faia le fa'avevela e ala i le fa'a'asuaina o pito i se 'arc' faifai pea e lofia i le flux.
● Fa'avevela Fa'aoso Fa'atele (HFI): O lenei metotia e fa'aaogaina ai tafega fa'atele e fausia ai se so'oga fa'avevela i se faiga fa'aauau.
Fa'amanuiaga:
● Tete'e i le 'Ele: Tete'e i le tele o mea fa'aleagaina ma siosiomaga.
● Malosi: O le malosi maualuga fa'amekanika e fa'amautinoa ai le tumau lelei o le fausaga.
● E tele ona fa'aoga: E maua i le tele o lapopo'a, ituaiga, ma fa'auma e fetaui ma fa'aoga eseese.
● Tumama: E fetaui lelei mo pisinisi e iai manaʻoga faigata tau tumama.
● Umi o le Soifuaga: E matuā tumau lelei, ma e umi ai lona ola e fa'aaoga ai.
I se aotelega, o paipa u'amea e fa'apipi'iina i le u'amea e le gaoia o ni vaega taua i alamanuia eseese, e maua ai le tumau, tete'e atu i le 'ele, ma le fetu'una'i mo le tele o fa'aoga. O le filifilia lelei o le vasega, auala e gaosia ai, ma le tausisia o tulaga fa'atonuina o alamanuia e taua tele mo le fa'amautinoaina o le fa'atinoga sili ona lelei ma le saogalemu o paipa u'amea.
Fa'amatalaga auiliili
| ASTM A312/A312M：304, 304L, 310/S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H ma isi... |
| EN 10216-5: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 ma isi... |
| DIN 17456: 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4432, 1.4435, 1.4541, 1.4550 ma isi... |
| JIS G3459: SUS304TB, SUS304LTB, SUS316TB, SUS316LTB ma isi... |
| GB/T 14976: 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni10, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 |
| Uamea e le gaoia e Austenitic:TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Uamea e le gaoia faalua:S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nikel Alloy:N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Fa'aaogāga:Alamanuia o le Suau'u, Kemikolo, Kasa Faanatura, Malosiaga eletise ma le gaosiga o masini. |
| DN mm | NB Inisi | OD mm | SCH40S mm | SCH5S mm | SCH10S mm | SCH10 mm | SCH20 mm | SCH40 mm | SCH60 mm | XS/80S mm | SCH80 mm | SCH100 mm | SCH120 mm | SCH140 mm | SCH160 mm | SCHXXS mm |
| 6 | 1/8” | 10.29 | 1.24 | 1.73 | 2.41 | |||||||||||
| 8 | 1/4” | 13.72 | 1.65 | 2.24 | 3.02 | |||||||||||
| 10 | 3/8” | 17.15 | 1.65 | 2.31 | 3.20 | |||||||||||
| 15 | 1/2” | 21.34 | 2.77 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.77 | 3.73 | 3.73 | 4.78 | 7.47 | ||||||
| 20 | 3/4” | 26.67 | 2.87 | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.87 | 3.91 | 3.91 | 5.56 | 7.82 | ||||||
| 25 | 1” | 33.40 | 3.38 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.38 | 4.55 | 4.55 | 6.35 | 9.09 | ||||||
| 32 | 1 1/4” | 42.16 | 3.56 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.56 | 4.85 | 4.85 | 6.35 | 9.70 | ||||||
| 40 | 1 1/2” | 48.26 | 3.68 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.68 | 5.08 | 5.08 | 7.14 | 10.15 | ||||||
| 50 | 2” | 60.33 | 3.91 | 1.65 | 2.77 | 3.91 | 5.54 | 5.54 | 9.74 | 11.07 | ||||||
| 65 | 2 1/2” | 73.03 | 5.16 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 9.53 | 14.02 | ||||||
| 80 | 3” | 88.90 | 5.49 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.49 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 11.13 | 15.24 | ||||||
| 90 | 3 1/2” | 101.60 | 5.74 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 5.74 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||||||
| 100 | 4” | 114.30 | 6.02 | 2.11 | 3.05 | 6.02 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 11.12 | 13.49 | 17.12 | |||||
| 125 | 5” | 141.30 | 6.55 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 6.55 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 12.70 | 15.88 | 19.05 | |||||
| 150 | 6” | 168.27 | 7.11 | 2.77 | 3.40 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 | 21.95 | |||||
| 200 | 8” | 219.08 | 8.18 | 2.77 | 3.76 | 6.35 | 8.18 | 10.31 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 20.62 | 23.01 | 22.23 | |
| 250 | 10” | 273.05 | 9.27 | 3.40 | 4.19 | 6.35 | 9.27 | 12.70 | 12.70 | 15.09 | 19.26 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 25.40 | |
| 300 | 12” | 323.85 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.57 | 6.35 | 10.31 | 14.27 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 21.44 | 25.40 | 28.58 | 33.32 | 25.40 | |
| 350 | 14” | 355.60 | 9.53 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | 15.09 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 23.83 | 27.79 | 31.75 | 35.71 | |
| 400 | 16” | 406.40 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 16.66 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 26.19 | 30.96 | 36.53 | 40.49 | |
| 450 | 18” | 457.20 | 9.53 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 14.27 | 19.05 | 12.70 | 23.83 | 29.36 | 34.93 | 39.67 | 45.24 | |
| 500 | 20” | 508.00 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 15.09 | 20.62 | 12.70 | 26.19 | 32.54 | 38.10 | 44.45 | 50.01 | |
| 550 | 22” | 558.80 | 9.53 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 22.23 | 12.70 | 28.58 | 34.93 | 41.28 | 47.63 | 53.98 | ||
| 600 | 24” | 609.60 | 9.53 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 17.48 | 24.61 | 12.70 | 30.96 | 38.89 | 46.02 | 52.37 | 59.54 | |
| 650 | 26” | 660.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 700 | 28” | 711.20 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||||
| 750 | 30” | 762.00 | 9.53 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 12.70 | ||||||||
| 800 | 32” | 812.80 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 850 | 34” | 863.60 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 17.48 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| 900 | 36” | 914.40 | 9.53 | 7.92 | 12.70 | 19.05 | 12.70 | |||||||||
| DN 1000mm ma luga atu. E mafai ona fa'apitoa le mafiafia o le puipui o le paipa | ||||||||||||||||
Tulaga Masani & Vasega
| Tulaga Masani | Vasega U'amea |
| ASTM A312/A312M: Paipa U'amea Austenitic e Le Mafai Ona Suia, Fa'apipi'i, ma Fa'agaoioia Malulu Tele | 304, 304L, 310S, 310H, 316, 316L, 321, 321H ma isi... |
| ASTM A269: Paipa u'amea e le'i fa'apipi'iina ma fa'apipi'iina mo le tautua lautele | TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP321.TP347 ma isi... |
| ASTM A249: Paipa U'amea Austenitic ua Fa'apipi'iina, Superheater, Heat-Exchanger, ma Condenser | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A269: Paipa Laiti-Lapo'a uamea e leai ni fa'asologa ma ua fa'apipi'iina | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A270: Paipa Sanitary Austenitic ma Ferritic/Austenitic Stainless Steel e leai ni fa'asologa ma ua fa'apipi'iina | Vasega o Uamea e le gaoia Austenitic: 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 Vasega o Uamea e le gaoia Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex): S31803, S32205 |
| ASTM A358/A358M: Mana'oga o Paipa U'amea Austenitic ua Fa'apipi'iina mo Si'osi'omaga Vevela Maualuga, Mamafa Maualuga, ma Fa'aleagaina | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 316H, 316N, 316LN, 317, 317L, 321, 321H, 347, 347H, 348 |
| ASTM A554: Paipa fa'amekanika u'amea e le gaoia, e masani ona fa'aaogaina mo galuega fa'atulagaina po'o teuteuga | 304, 304L, 316, 316L |
| ASTM A789: Paipa u'amea e le'i fa'apipi'iina ma fa'apipi'iina i le ferritic/austenitic mo le tautua lautele | S31803 (Uamea e le gaoia) S32205 (Uamea e le gaoia) |
| ASTM A790: Paipa u'amea e le gaoia ma fa'apipi'iina i le ferritic/austenitic e le'i fa'afefiloi ma fa'apipi'iina mo le fa'aaogaina lautele o le 'a'ai, fa'aaogaina i le vevela maualuga, ma paipa u'amea e le gaoia e lua. | S31803 (Uamea e le gaoia) S32205 (Uamea e le gaoia) |
| EN 10217-7: paipa u'amea e le gaoia ua fa'apipi'iina Mana'oga gaosiga Fa'atulagaina a Europa. | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 ma isi... |
| DIN 17457: Fa'atonuga Siamani e fa'aaogaina mo le gaosia o paipa u'amea e le gaoia | 1.4301, 1.4307, 1.4401, 1.4404, 1.4571, 1.4003, 1.4509, 1.4510, 1.4462, 1.4948, 1.4878 ma isi... |
| JIS G3468: Tulaga Fa'apisinisi a Iapani lea e fa'amaoti mai ai mana'oga gaosiga mo paipa u'amea e le gaoia ua fa'apipi'iina. | SUS304, SUS304L, SUS316, SUS316L, SUS329J3L ma isi... |
| GB/T 12771: Tulaga Fa'atonu Fa'aleatunuu Saina e fa'aaogaina mo mana'oga o le gaosiga o paipa u'amea e le gaoia. | 06Cr19Ni10, 022Cr19Ni1, 06Cr17Ni12Mo2, 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N |
| Uamea e le gaoia e Austenitic：TP304, TP304L, TP304H, TP310S, TP316, TP316L, TP316H, TP316Ti, TP317, TP317L, TP321, TP321H, TP347, TP347H, TP347HFG N08904(904L), S30432, S31254, N08367, S30815... Uamea e le gaoia faalua: S31803, S32205, S32750, S32760, S32707, S32906... Nikel Alloy：N04400, N06600, N06625, N08800, N08810(800H), N08825... Fa'aaogaina: Suau'u, Kemikolo, Kesi Fa'alenatura, Malosiaga eletise ma alamanuia gaosiga masini. | |
Faiga o le Gaosiga
Puleaina o le Tulaga Lelei
Siakiina o Mea Mata, Su'esu'ega Fa'akemikolo, Su'ega Fa'amekanika, Su'esu'ega Va'aia, Siaki le Fua, Su'ega Pi'o, Su'ega Pa'i, Su'ega 'Ele'ele Fa'atasi, Su'esu'ega e Le Fa'aleagaina（UT, MT, PT) Agava'a o le Fa'agasologa o le Uelo, Su'esu'ega o le Microstructure, Su'ega o le Mu ma le Fa'apa'u, Su'ega o le Ma'a'a, Su'ega o le Mamafa, Su'ega o le Ferrite Content, Su'ega Metallography, Su'ega o le 'Ele'ele, Su'ega o le Eddy Current, Su'ega o le Masima Spray, Su'ega o le Tete'e atu i le 'Ele'ele, Su'ega o le Gatete, Su'ega o le 'Ele'ele Pitting, Su'esu'ega o le Valiina ma le Ufiufi, Iloiloga o Pepa Fa'amaumau…..
Fa'aaogaina ma le Fa'aaogāina
O paipa u'amea e fa'apipi'iina i le u'amea e maua ai le tele o fa'aoga i pisinisi eseese ona o latou uiga tulaga ese ma le tele o mea e mafai ona fa'aoga. O nei paipa e fa'aaogaina i le tele o fa'aoga, e mafua mai i lo latou tumau, tete'e atu i le 'ele, ma le talafeagai mo siosiomaga eseese. O nisi o vaega autu o le fa'aoga ma le fa'aoga o paipa u'amea e fa'apipi'iina e aofia ai:
● Fa'aaogāga Fa'apisinisi: E masani ona fa'aaogā i alamanuia o le suau'u, kesi, petrokemikolo, ma le eletise ona o le tete'e atu i le 'ele.
● Fauga: E fa'aaogā i paipa, sapalai o le vai, ma fausaga ona o lo latou malolosi ma le umi e ola ai.
● Alamanuia o Mea'ai: Taua tele mo le fa'asalalauina o mea'ai ma meainu, ma ausia tulaga fa'atonuina o le tumama.
● Ta'avale: Fa'aaogaina i faiga e alu ese ai paipa ma vaega o le fausaga, e onosaia tulaga faigata.
● Faafoma'i: E fa'aaogaina i masini fa'afoma'i ma paipa fa'amamā, e fa'amuamua ai le tumama.
● Fa'ato'aga: Mo faiga fa'asūsū e tete'e atu i le 'ele, ma ia mautinoa le lelei o le tufatufaina atu o le vai.
● Fa'amamāina o le Vai: Talafeagai mo le fa'asalalauina o vai ua uma ona togafitia ma vai ua fa'amamāina.
● Va'a: Tete'e i le 'ele o le vai masima, e fa'aaoga lautele i va'a ma fausaga i le sami.
● Malosiaga: Felauaiga o vai i le vaega o le malosiaga, e aofia ai le kesi masani ma le suauu.
● Pulp ma Pepa: Taua tele mo le feaveaʻiina o vailaʻau ma vai i le faagasologa o le gaosiga.
I se aotelega, o paipa u'amea e fa'apipi'iina i le u'amea e avea ma vaega taua i le tele o alamanuia ma fa'aoga. O lo latou tete'e atu i le 'ele, malosi fa'amekanika, ma le gafatia e fa'ataunu'u ai mana'oga faigata e avea ai ma mea taua mo atina'e fa'aonaponei, faiga fa'apisinisi, ma vaega fa'apitoa eseese.
Afifiina ma le Felauaiga
O paipa u'amea e le gaoia e afifiina ma lafoina ma le fa'aeteete tele ina ia mautinoa lo latou puipuiga i le taimi e felaua'i ai. O se fa'amatalaga lea o le fa'agasologa o le afifiina ma le felauaiga:
Afifiina:
● Ufiufi Puipui: A'o le'i afifiina, e masani ona ufiufi paipa u'amea e le gaoia i se vaega o le suāuu puipui po'o se ata tifaga e puipuia ai le 'ele ma le fa'aleagaina o le luga.
● Fa'aputuga: O paipa e tutusa le lapopo'a ma le tutusa fa'amatalaga e fa'aputu fa'atasi ma le fa'aeteete. E fa'amauina i fusi, maea, po'o fusi palasitika e puipuia ai le minoi i totonu o le fa'aputuga.
● Tapuni Pito: O tapuni pito palasitika po'o u'amea e tu'u i pito uma e lua o paipa e maua ai le puipuiga fa'aopoopo i pito ma filo o paipa.
● Fa'amalu ma le Fa'amalūlūina: O mea fa'amalu e pei o le foam, bubble wrap, po'o le pepa malo e fa'aaogaina e fai ma fa'amalūlū ma puipuia ai le fa'aleagaina i le taimi o felauaiga.
● Pusa La'au po'o Pusa La'au: I nisi tulaga, e mafai ona teuina paipa i totonu o pusa la'au po'o pusa e maua ai le puipuiga fa'aopoopo mai malosiaga mai fafo ma le taulimaina.
Felauaiga:
● Auala e Felauaiga ai: O paipa u'amea e masani ona la'uina i auala eseese o felauaiga e pei o loli, va'a, po'o felauaiga i le ea, e fuafua i le taunuuga ma le faanatinati.
● Fa'apipi'iina o koneteina: E mafai ona uta paipa i totonu o koneteina la'u uta e fa'amautinoa ai le saogalemu ma le fa'atulagaina lelei o felauaiga. E maua ai fo'i le puipuiga mai tulaga o le tau ma mea leaga mai fafo.
● Fa'ailogaina ma Fa'amaumauga: O afifi ta'itasi e fa'ailogaina i fa'amatalaga taua, e aofia ai fa'amatalaga auiliili, aofa'i, fa'atonuga mo le taulimaina, ma fa'amatalaga o le taunuuga. Ua saunia pepa o felauaiga mo le fa'atagaina o tiute ma le siakiina.
● Tausisia o Tiute: Mo uta faavaomalo, ua saunia uma pepa aloaia talafeagai a le tiute ina ia mautinoa le sologa lelei o le fa'atauina atu i le nofoaga e taunuu i ai.
● Fa'amau Malu: I totonu o le ta'avale fela'ua'i po'o le koneteina, e fa'amau malu paipa e puipuia ai le fealua'i ma fa'aitiitia ai le lamatiaga o le fa'aleagaina i le taimi o fela'ua'iga.
● Siakiina ma le Mata'ituina: E mafai ona fa'aogaina ni faiga fa'apitoa e siaki ai le nofoaga ma le tulaga o le uta i le taimi moni.
● Inisiua: E fuafua i le tau o le uta, e ono maua se inisiua o felauaiga e totogi ai mea e ono leiloa pe faaleagaina i le taimi o felauaiga.
I se aotelega, o paipa uʻamea e le gaoia na matou gaosia o le a afifiina i ni puipuiga ma lafoina i ni auala faʻatuatuaina o felauaiga e faʻamautinoa ai latou te taunuu i lo latou taunuuga i se tulaga sili ona lelei. O le afifiina lelei ma le faʻagasologa o felauaiga e fesoasoani i le lelei ma le lelei o paipa e tuʻuina atu.
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