E mafai ona maua le uʻamea faʻamalosi i soo se mea i le olaga, ma o loʻo i ai ituaiga uma o faʻataʻitaʻiga e valea e iloagofie. O le asō e faʻasoa atu ia te oe se tusiga e faʻamalamalama ai manatu o le malamalama iinei.
u'amea uamea o le faapuupuuga o u'amea fa'afefete u'amea, ea, ausa, vai ma isi fa'asalalauga corrosive vaivai po'o uamea stainless ua ta'ua o le uamea; ma o le a tetee atu i ala oona corrosive kemikolo (acid, alkalis, salts, ma isi impregnation vailaau) corrosion o le sila ua taʻua o le sila acid-tetefe.
Uamea uamea e faasino i le ea, ausa, vai ma isi ala o faasalalauga corrosive vaivai ma acids, alkalis, masima ma isi vailaau corrosive ala o faasalalauga corrosion o le uamea, lea e lauiloa foi o le uamea-tetee uamea. I le fa'ata'ita'iga, e masani lava ona vaivai ala fa'a'ala'au fa'a'ala'au u'amea ua ta'ua u'amea u'amea, ma fa'asalalauga vaila'au kemikolo u'amea-tete u'amea ta'ua acid-tetesua sila. Ona o le eseesega i le tuufaatasiga o vailaʻau e lua, o le mea muamua e leʻo faʻasalaina i le faʻaleagaina o ala o vailaʻau, ae o le mea mulimuli e masani lava e le mafai. O le fa'afefeteina o le u'amea e fa'alagolago i elemene fa'afefiloi o lo'o i totonu o le sila.
Fa'avasegaga masani
E tusa ai ma faʻalapotopotoga metallurgical
E masani lava, e tusa ai ma le faʻalapotopotoga metallurgical, ua vaevaeina uʻamea masani masani i ni vaega se tolu: austenitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels ma martensitic stainless steels. I luga o le faavae o le faavae metallurgical faalapotopotoga o nei vaega e tolu, uʻamea duplex, precipitation hardening uʻamea uʻamea ma uʻamea maualuga o loʻo i ai le itiiti ifo i le 50% uʻamea e maua mai mo manaoga faapitoa ma faamoemoega.
1. Austenitic uamea uamea
O le matrix e fa'asaga i le fausaga tioata kupita fa'asaga i le austenitic organization (CY phase) o lo'o pulea e le maneta, aemaise lava i le galue malulu e fa'amalosia ai (ma e mafai ona o'o atu ai i se tikeri o le maneta) o le sila. Le American Iron and Steel Institute i le 200 ma le 300 fa'asologa o fa'ailoga numera, pei o le 304.
2. Ferritic uamea uʻamea
Matrix i le tino e totonugalemu fausaga tioata kupita o le faalapotopotoga ferrite (se vaega) e pulepule, mageta, e masani lava e le mafai ona faamaaaina i le vevela togafitiga, ae galue malulu e mafai ona faamalosia teisi uamea stainless. American Iron and Steel Institute i le 430 ma le 446 mo le igoa.
3. Martensitic uamea uʻamea
O le matrix o le martensitic faalapotopotoga (tutotonu tino kupita po o kupita), mageta, e ala i le vevela togafitiga e mafai ona fetuutuunai ana mea tau masini o stainless steel. American Iron and Steel Institute i le 410, 420, ma le 440 fuainumera ua faailogaina. O le Martensite o lo'o i ai se fa'alapotopotoga austenitic i le maualuga o le vevela, lea e mafai ona liua i le martensite (ie fa'ama'a'a) pe a fa'alili i le potu vevela i se fua talafeagai.
4. Austenitic a ferrite (duplex) ituaiga u'amea u'amea
O le matrix o loʻo i ai uma austenitic ma ferrite faʻalapotopotoga lua-vaega, lea o mea o loʻo i totonu o le matrix laʻititi laʻititi e masani ona sili atu nai lo le 15%, maneta, e mafai ona faʻamalosia e ala i le malulu o le uʻamea uʻamea, 329 o se uʻamea uʻamea masani. Pe a faatusatusa i austenitic uamea uʻamea, duplex uamea maualuga malosi, tetee i intergranular corrosion ma chloride mamafa corrosion ma pitting corrosion ua matua faaleleia.
5. Uamea fa'ama'a'aina timuga
O le matrix o le austenitic poʻo le martensitic faʻalapotopotoga, ma e mafai ona faʻamaʻaʻaina e ala i le faʻamaʻaina o timuga e faʻamaʻaʻaina ai le uʻamea uʻamea. American Iron and Steel Institute i le 600 faasologa o igoa numera, e pei o le 630, o lona uiga, 17-4PH.
I se tulaga lautele, i le faaopoopo atu i alloys, o le corrosion teteʻe o austenitic stainless uamea e sili atu, i se siosiomaga itiiti corrosive, e mafai ona e faaaogaina ferritic uʻamea uʻamea, i siʻosiʻomaga malu corrosive, pe afai o le mea e manaomia e maua ai le malosi maualuga po o le maaa maualuga, e mafai ona e faaaogaina martensitic uʻamea uʻamea ma timuga malo uamea.
Uiga ma fa'aoga
Fa'agasologa o luga
Eseese mafiafia
1. Ona o le masini uʻamea uʻamea i le faagasologa o le taʻavale, o loʻo faʻafefeteina le taʻavale i se faʻalavelave laʻititi, e mafua ai le taʻavale eseʻesega o le mafiafia o le ipu, e masani ona mafiafia i le ogatotonu o itu e lua o le manifinifi. I le fuaina o le mafiafia o tulafono faatonutonu tulaga ipu e tatau ona fua i le ogatotonu o le ulu ipu.
2. O le mafuaʻaga o le faʻapalepale e faʻavae i luga o maketi ma manaoga o tagata faʻatau, e masani ona vaevaeina i tolerances tetele ma laiti.
V. Gaosi, asiasiga mana'oga
1. Pipa ipu
① so'oga fa'apa'u ipu ipu fa'apa'au mo 100% su'ega ave po'o UT, tulaga agava'a: RT: Ⅱ UT: Ⅰ tulaga;
② I le fa'aopoopoina i le uamea e leai se mea, fa'apipi'i paipa ipu fa'avevesi fa'amama avega vevela;
③ tube plate pu alalaupapa alalaupapa felafolafoa'i lautele: e tusa ai ma le fua faatatau mo le fuafuaina o le lautele o le pu alalaupapa: B = (S - d) - D1
Laiti lautele o le alalaupapa pu: B = 1/2 (S - d) + C;
2. Fa'apa'u pusa vevela togafitiga:
Uamea carbon, uamea uʻamea maualalo uʻamea ma se vaeluaga vaeluaga o le pusa paipa, faʻapea foʻi ma le pusa paipa o le avanoa pito i tua e sili atu nai lo le 1/3 o le lautele totonu o le atigipusa paipa, i le faʻaogaina o le uʻamea mo le faʻalavelave faʻafefe togafitiga vevela, flange ma vaeluaga faʻamaufaʻailoga luga e tatau ona faʻagasolo pe a uma togafitiga vevela.
3. Su'ega o le mamafa
Pe a o'o ina maualalo le mamafa o le mamanu faiga atigi nai lo le faagaau faagasologa mamafa, ina ia mafai ona siaki le tulaga lelei o le vevela exchanger tube ma sootaga ipu ipu.
① Polokalama Shell faʻamalosi e faʻateleina le mamafa o le suʻega ma le paipa polokalame e ogatasi ma le suʻega hydraulic, e siaki pe o le leakage o paipa paipa. (Ae ui i lea, e tatau ona faʻamautinoa o le faʻamamafa ata tifaga muamua o le atigi i le taimi o le suʻega hydraulic o ≤0.9ReLΦ)
② Pe a le talafeagai le auala o loʻo i luga, e mafai ona avea le atigi suʻega hydrostatic e tusa ai ma le mamafa muamua pe a uma ona pasi, ona sosoo ai lea ma le atigi mo le suʻega o le ammonia poʻo le suʻega halogen.
O le a le ituaiga uamea e le faigofie ona ele?
E tolu mea taua e a'afia ai le elea o u'amea u'amea:
1. Le mea o loʻo i totonu o elemene faʻafefiloi. I se tulaga lautele, o le anotusi o le chromium i le 10.5% uamea e le faigofie ona ele. O le maualuga o le mea o loʻo i totonu o le chromium ma le nickel corrosion resistance e sili atu, e pei o le 304 mea nickel content of 85 ~ 10%, chromium anotusi o le 18% ~ 20%, o le sila stainless i le lautele e le o le ele.
2. O le faʻafefeteina o le gaosiga o le a aʻafia ai foi le faʻafefe o le uʻamea uʻamea. Tekinolosi smelting e lelei, meafaigaluega maualuluga, tekinolosi maualuluga, fale stainless steel tele uma e lua i le pulea o elemene alloying, le aveesea o le eleelea, billet cooling pulea vevela e mafai ona mautinoa, o lea o le tulaga lelei oloa e mautu ma faatuatuaina, lelei intrinsic uiga lelei, e le faigofie ona elea. I se isi itu, o nisi mea laiti uamea laau i tua, tekinolosi i tua, smelting faagasologa, le mama e le mafai ona aveesea, o le gaosiga o oloa o le a mautinoa e elea.
3. Siosiomaga i fafo. Ole siosiomaga mago ma ventilated e le faigofie ona elea, ae o le ea susu, faifai pea timuga tau, po o le ea o loo i ai acidity ma alkalinity o le siosiomaga e faigofie ona elea. 304 mea u'amea u'amea, pe a leaga le si'osi'omaga si'osi'omaga e elea fo'i.
Fa'ailoga ele uamea fa'afefeteina?
1.Chemical auala
Faʻatasi ai ma le faʻapipiʻi faʻapipiʻi poʻo le pulumu e fesoasoani ai i ona vaega elea e toe faʻafoʻi le faʻavaeina o le chromium oxide ata e toe faʻafoʻi ai lona teteʻe, pe a maeʻa le pikiina, ina ia mafai ona aveese uma mea filogia ma toega oona, e taua tele le faia o se fufulu talafeagai i le vai. A maeʻa ona faʻapipiʻiina mea uma ma toe faʻapupulaina i mea faʻapipiʻi, e mafai ona tapuni i le faʻamalama solo. Mo nofoaga ele itiiti i le lotoifale e mafai foi ona faaaoga 1:1 penisini, suauu paluga ma se ieie mama e solo ese le ele spots e mafai.
2. auala fa'ainisinia
Fa'amamaina o le oneone, fa'amamāina i tioata po'o vaega sima fa'afefeteina, fa'aumatia, pulumu ma fa'aiila. O auala fa'ainisinia e iai le malosi e soloi'esea ai le fa'aleagaina e mafua mai i mea na ave'esea muamua, mea fa'aiila po'o mea ua fa'aumatia. O ituaiga uma o faʻamaʻi, aemaise lava vaega uʻamea mai fafo, e mafai ona avea ma puna o le pala, aemaise lava i siosiomaga susu. O le mea lea, e tatau ona fa'amama fa'amama fa'ainisinia i lalo o tulaga mago. O le faʻaaogaina o metotia faʻainisinia e naʻo le faʻamamaina o lona luga ma e le suia ai le faʻafefeteina o le mea lava ia. O le mea lea, e fautuaina e toe faʻapupulaina le pito i luga i mea faʻapipiʻi ma tapuni i le gaʻo faʻalelei pe a uma le faʻamamaina o masini.
Meafaigāluega e masani ona fa'aogaina togi ma mea totino
1.304 uamea uamea. O se tasi o austenitic uʻamea uʻamea faʻatasi ma le tele o le faʻaoga ma le lautele o le faʻaogaina, e talafeagai mo le gaosiga o vaega faʻapipiʻi loloto ma paipa acid, koneteina, vaega faʻavae, ituaiga eseese o meafaifaʻaili, ma isi.
2.304L uamea u'amea. Ina ia foia le timu Cr23C6 mafua mai i le 304 uamea stainless i nisi tulaga o loo i ai se tulaga ogaoga i le corrosion intergranular ma le atinae o ultra-maualalo carbon austenitic uamea, lona tulaga sensitized o intergranular corrosion tetee e matua sili atu nai lo 304 uamea stainless. I le faaopoopo atu i le malosi laʻititi, o isi meatotino ma le 321 stainless steel, e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo mea e faʻafefeteina ma vaega e le mafai ona faʻaogaina fofo fofo, e mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo le gaosiga o ituaiga eseese o meafaifaʻaili.
3.304H uamea uamea. 304 uamea stainless lala totonu, vaega vaega carbon tele i 0.04% ~ 0.10%, faatinoga vevela maualuga e sili atu nai lo 304 uamea stainless.
4.316 uamea uamea. I le 10Cr18Ni12 uamea e faʻavae i luga o le faʻaopoopoga o le molybdenum, ina ia lelei le teteʻe o le uamea i le faʻaitiitia o ala o faasalalauga ma le faʻafefeteina o le corrosion. I le suasami ma isi ala o faasalalauga, e sili atu le tetee i le corrosion nai lo le 304 stainless steel, e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo le faʻaogaina o mea e faʻafefe ai mea.
5.316L uamea u'amea. Ultra-maualalo carbon uʻamea, ma le tetee lelei i sensitized intergranular corrosion, talafeagai mo le gaosiga o le mafiafia felavasaʻi lapoa o vaega uelo ma meafaigaluega, e pei o meafaigaluega petrochemical i mea corrosion.
6.316H uamea uamea. lala totonu o le 316 uamea stainless, vaega carbon mass vaega o 0.04% -0.10%, faatinoga vevela maualuga e sili atu nai lo 316 uamea stainless.
7.317 uamea uamea. Pitting corrosion resistance ma le fetolofi e sili atu nai lo le 316L stainless steel, faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o mea faʻapipiʻi faʻamaʻi ma vailaʻau faʻamaʻi.
8.321 uamea uamea. Titanium fa'amautu austenitic u'amea u'amea, fa'aopoopo le titanium e fa'aleleia atili ai le fa'alumaina o le intergranular, ma e lelei le maualuga o le vevela o mea fa'ainisinia, e mafai ona suia i le ultra-low carbon austenitic stainless steel. I le faaopoopo atu i le maualuga o le vevela poʻo le hydrogen corrosion resistance ma isi taimi faʻapitoa, e le fautuaina le tulaga lautele.
9.347 uamea uamea. Niobium-stabilized austenitic stainless steel, faaopoopo niobium e faaleleia atili ai le tetee atu i intergranular corrosion, corrosion tetee i acid, alkali, masima ma isi ala o faasalalauga corrosive ma 321 stainless steel, lelei le faatinoga o le uelo, e mafai ona faaaoga e pei o le corrosion mea ma le vevela-tetee ua faaaogaina faapitoa mo le mana vevela, petrochemical fanua, e pei o le gaosiga o koneteina, faafesuiaiga, pipelines. ogaumu faagaau ma ogaumu faagaau thermometer ma isi.
10.904L uamea u'amea. Super atoatoa austenitic uʻamea uʻamea, o se super austenitic uʻamea uamea na fatuina e Finelani Otto Kemp, o lona vaega nikeli tele o le 24% i le 26%, vaega carbon mass o le itiiti ifo i le 0.02%, e sili atu le tetee i le corrosion, i le non-oxidising acids e pei o le sulfuric, acetic, formic ma le phosphoric taimi e maua ai le tetee lelei tele i le taimi e tasi corrosion. pala ma tete'e atu i le mamafa o mea e a'a. E fetaui lelei mo faʻasalalauga eseese o le sulfuric acid i lalo ifo o le 70 ℃, ma e lelei le faʻafefeteina o le acetic acid ma le vailaʻau faʻafefiloi o le formic acid ma le acetic acid o soʻo se faʻatonuga ma soʻo se vevela i lalo o le mamafa masani. O le tulaga muamua ASMESB-625 e fa'atatau i u'amea fa'avae nickel, ma o le fa'ata'ita'iga fou o lo'o fa'atusaina i le uamea e leai se mea. Saina na'o le vasega 015Cr19Ni26Mo5Cu2 uamea, o nai meafaifa'aili Europa gaosi mea autu e faaaoga 904L u'amea u'amea, e pei o E + H's tele flowmeter fua faagaau o le faaaogaina o 904L stainless uamea, Rolex mataupu matamata ua faaaogaina foi 904L uamea stainless.
11.440C uamea uamea. Martensitic u'amea u'amea, maa'a u'amea u'amea, u'amea u'amea i le maualuga maaa, maaa HRC57. E masani ona faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o nozzles, bearings, valves, valve spools, valve nofoa, lima, valve stems, etc.
12.17-4PH uamea uamea. Martensitic precipitation faʻamaʻaʻaina uʻamea uʻamea, maaa HRC44, ma le malosi maualuga, maaa ma corrosion teteʻe, e le mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo le vevela maualuga atu i le 300 ℃. O loʻo i ai le faʻafefeteina lelei i le ea ma le faʻafefeteina o meaʻai poʻo masima, ma o lona faʻamaʻi e tutusa ma le 304 stainless steel ma le 430 stainless steel, lea e faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o faʻailoga i fafo, lau turbine, spools, nofoa, lima ma aʻa o valve.
I le galuega meafaigaluega, faʻatasi ma le lautele ma le tau mataupu, o le austenitic stainless steel filifiliga filifiliga o le 304-304L-316-316L-317-321-347-904L uʻamea uʻamea, o le 317 e le masani ona faʻaaogaina, 321 e le fautuaina, 347 le faʻaaogaina o le maualuga o le 9000000000000. nisi vaega o tagata gaosi oloa ta'ito'atasi, o le mamanu o le a le masani ona faia le taulamua e filifili le 904L.
I le filifilia o meafaigaluega, e masani lava ona i ai meafaifaaili ma mea paipa e eseese taimi, aemaise lava i tulaga maualuga-vevela, e tatau ona tatou gauai faapitoa atu i le filifilia o meafaifaʻaili e fetaui ma le faagasologa o meafaigaluega poʻo le pipeline design vevela ma le mamafa o le mamanu, e pei o le maualuga o le chrome molybdenum paipa uʻamea, aʻo le meafaifaʻaili e filifili se uʻamea uʻamea, ona tatau ai lea ona avea ma se faʻafitauli talafeagai.
I le filifiliga mamanu meafaigaluega, e masani ona fetaiai ma le tele o faiga eseese, faasologa, togi o stainless steel, filifiliga e tatau ona faavae i luga o le ala o faasalalauga faapitoa faagasologa, vevela, mamafa, vaega mamafa, corrosion ma tau ma isi vaaiga.
Taimi meli: Oke-11-2023