Fa'amatalaga o le Oloa
O pusa ma paipa e fa'aaogaina lautele mo le atina'eina o le suau'u ma le kesi. O pusa ma paipa o ni vaega taua i le alamanuia o le suau'u ma le kesi e fa'aaogaina mo le aveeseina ma le felauaiga o hydrocarbons (suau'u ma kesi masani) mai fa'atanoa i lalo o le eleele i luga. Latou te faia ni matafaioi taua i le fa'amautinoaina o le saogalemu, le sa'o, ma le lelei o galuega eli ma gaosiga.
O paipa o se ituaiga paipa e fa'aaogaina e fesiita'i ai le suau'u mata ma le kesi masani mai le vaega o le suau'u po'o le vaega o le kesi i le eleele pe a uma le eliina. E mafai e paipa ona fa'atagaina le mamafa e mafua mai i le taimi o le fa'agasologa o le eliina. E gaosia paipa e pei lava o le casing, ae o le fa'agasologa e ta'ua o le "upsetting" e mana'omia fo'i e fa'ama'a'a ai le paipa.
E fa'aaogaina le pa'u e puipui ai pu ua eliina i le eleele mo le suau'u. E fa'aaogaina e pei o le paipa vili, o paipa e pa'u i le lua suau'u e mafai ai fo'i ona fa'aitiitia le mamafa o le axial tension, o lea e mana'omia ai u'amea malolosi ma lelei. O pa'u OCTG o paipa tetele le lautele e fa'amauina i totonu o le pu.
Fa'amatalaga auiliili
| API 5L: GR.B, X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70, X80 |
| API 5CT: J55, K55, N80, L80, P110 |
| API 5D: E75, X95, G105, S135 |
| EN10210: S235JRH, S275J0H, S275J2H, S355J0H, S355J2H, S355K2H |
| ASTM A106: GR.A, GR.B, GR.C |
| ASTM A53/A53M: GR.A, GR.B |
| ASTM A335: P1, P2, 95, P9, P11P22, P23, P91, P92, P122 |
| ASTM A333: Gr.1, Gr.3, Gr.4, Gr.6, Gr.7, Gr.8, Gr.9.Gr.10, Gr.11 |
| DIN 2391: St30Al, St30Si, St35, St45, St52 |
| DIN EN 10216-1: P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P265TR1, P265TR2 |
| JIS G3454: STPG 370, STPG 410 |
| JIS G3456: STPT 370, STPT 410, STPT 480 |
| GB/T 8163: 10#, 20#, Q345 |
| GB/T 8162: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, Q345 |
Lisi o Pusa U'amea ISO/API
| Fa'ailogaa | I fafo lautele D mm | Fa'aigoa laina teleb, c Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga kilokalama/mita | Pā mafiafia t mm | Ituaiga o le fa'ai'uga | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Ituaiga 1,Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 9.50 10.50 11.60 13.50 15.10 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 14,14 15,63 17,26 20,09 22,47 | 5,21 5,69 6,35 7,37 8,56 | PS — — — — | PS PSB PSLB — — | PS PSB PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB — | — — PLB PLB PLB | — — — — PLB |
| 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 | 11.50 13.00 15.00 18.00 21.40 23.20 24.10 | 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 127,00 | 17,11 19,35 22,32 26,79 31,85 34,53 35,86 | 5,59 6,43 7,52 9,19 11,10 12,14 12,70 | — — — — — — — | PS PSLB PSLBE — — — — | PS PSLB PLB PLB PLB — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | — — — PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 5-1/2 | 14.00 15.50 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.80 29.70 32.60 35.30 38.00 40.50 43.10 | 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 139,70 | 20,83 23,07 25,30 29,76 34,23 39,88 44,20 48,51 52,53 56,55 60,27 64,14 | 6,20 6,98 7,72 9,17 10,54 12,70 14,27 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS | PS PSLBE PSLBE | PS PSLB PLB PLB PLB | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — — — | PLBE PLBE PLBE | PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — PLBE — — — — — — |
| 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 6-5/8 | 20.00 24.00 28.00 32.00 | 168,28 168,28 168,28 168,28 | 29,76 35,72 41,67 47,62 | 7,32 8,94 10,59 12,06 | PS — — | PSLB PSLBE — | PSLB PLB PLB — | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — PLBE |
| 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 | 17.00 20.00 23.00 26.00 29.00 32.00 35.00 38.00 42.70 46.40 50.10 53.60 57.10 | 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 177,80 | 25,30 29,76 34,23 38,69 43,16 47,62 52,09 56,55 63,54 69,05 74,56 79,77 84,97 | 5,87 6,91 8,05 9,19 10,36 11,51 12,65 13,72 15,88 17,45 19,05 20,62 22,22 | PS PS — — — — — — — — — — — | — PS PSLBE PSLBE — — — — — — — — — | — PS PLB PLB PLB PLB — — — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE P P P P P | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE — — — — — | — — — — — — PLBE PLBE — — — — — |
| Tagai i faʻamatalaga i le pito i tua o le laulau. | ||||||||||||
| Fa'ailogaa | I fafo lautele D mm | Fa'aigoa laina teleb, c Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga kilokalama/mita | Pā mafiafia t mm | Ituaiga o le fa'ai'uga | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Ituaiga 1,Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 7-5/8 | 24.00 26.40 29.70 33.70 39.00 42.80 45.30 47.10 51.20 55.30 | 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 193,68 | 35,72 39,29 44,20 50,15 58,04 63,69 67,41 70,09 76,19 82,30 | 7,62 8,33 9,52 10,92 12,70 14,27 15,11 15,88 17,45 19,05 | PS | PSLBE | PSLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB P P | PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB PLB PLB | PLBE PLB PLB PLB |
| 7-3/4 | 46.10 | 19,685 | 6,860 | 1,511 | — | — | — | P | P | P | P | P |
| 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 8-5/8 | 24.00 28.00 32.00 36.00 40.00 44.00 49.00 | 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 219,08 | 35,72 41,67 47,62 53,57 59,53 65,48 72,92 | 6,71 7,72 8,94 10,16 11,43 12,70 14,15 | PS PS — — — — | PS — PSLBE PSLBE — — — | PS PS PSLB PSLB PLB — — | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE | — — — — — — PLBE |
| 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 9-5/8 | 32.30 36.00 40.00 43.50 47.00 53.50 58.40 59.40 64.90 70.30 75.60 | 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 244,48 | 48,07 53,57 59,53 64,73 69,94 79,62 86,91 88,40 96,58 104,62 112,50 | 7,92 8,94 10,03 11,05 11,99 13,84 15,11 15,47 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS — — — — — — — — — | — PSLB PSLBE — — — — — — — — | — PSLB PSLB PLB PLB — — — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB P P P P | — — — PLBE PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — | — — — — PLBE PLBE PLB — — — — |
| 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 10-3/4 | 32.75 40.50 45.50 51.00 55.50 60.70 65.70 73.20 79.20 85.30 | 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 273,05 | 48,74 60,27 67,71 75,90 82,59 90,33 97,77 108,93 117,86 126,94 | 7,09 8,89 10,16 11,43 12,57 13,84 15,11 17,07 18,64 20,24 | PS PS | PSB PSBE PSBE | PSB PSB PSB PSB | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB P P P | PSBE PSBE PSBE PSB | PSBE PSB |
| 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 11-3/4 | 42.00 47.00 54.00 60.00 65.00 71.00 | 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 298,45 | 62,50 69,94 80,36 89,29 96,73 105,66 | 8,46 9,53 11,05 12,42 13,56 14,78 | PS — — — | PSB PSB PSB — — | PSB PSB PSB — — | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P | — — PSB P P |
| 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 13-3/8 | 48.00 54.50 61.00 68.00 72.00 | 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 339,72 | 71,43 81,10 90,78 101,19 107,15 | 8,38 9,65 10,92 12,19 13,06 | PS — — — — | — PSB PSB PSB — | — PSB PSB PSB — | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — PSB PSB | — — — — PSB |
| Tagai i faʻamatalaga i le pito i tua o le laulau. | ||||||||||||
| Fa'ailogaa | I fafo lautele D mm | Fa'aigoa laina teleb, c Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga kilokalama/mita | Pā mafiafia t mm | Ituaiga o le fa'ai'uga | ||||||||
| 1 | 2 | H40 | J55 K55 | M65 | L80 C95 | N80 Ituaiga 1,Q | C90 T95 | P110 | Q125 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 16 16 16 16 | 65.00 75.00 84.00 109.00 | 406,40 406,40 406,40 406,40 | 96,73 111,61 125,01 162,21 | 9,53 11,13 12,57 16,66 | PS | PSB PSB P | PSB PSB | P | P | P | P | |
| 18-5/8 | 87.50 | 47,308 | 13,021 | 1,105 | PS | PSB | PSB | — | — | — | — | — |
| 20 20 20 | 94.00 106.50 133.00 | 508,00 508,00 508,00 | 139,89 158,49 197,93 | 11,13 12,70 16,13 | PSL — — | PSLB PSLB PSLB | PSLB PSLB — | — — — | — — — | — — — | — — — | — — — |
| P = Pito masani, S = Filo pupuu lapotopoto, L = Filo uumi lapotopoto, B = Filo fa'amau, E = Laina pito i luga. | ||||||||||||
| ♦ O fa'ailoga e mo fa'amatalaga ma fesoasoani i le fa'atonuga. ♦ O fa'ailoga laina fa'aonaponei, ua filo ma ua fa'apipi'i (koluma 2) o lo'o fa'aalia mo na'o fa'amatalaga. ♦ E eseese le mafiafia o u'amea martensitic chromium (L80 ituaiga 9Cr ma le 13Cr) mai u'amea kaponi. O le mea lea, o le mamafa o lo'o fa'aalia e le sa'o mo u'amea martensitic chromium. E mafai ona fa'aogaina se fua fa'atatau o le fa'asa'oga mamafa o le 0,989. | ||||||||||||
| Fa'ailoga | Lapo'a i fafo D mm | Laina fa'asolosolo tele kilokalama/mita | Mafiafia o le puipui t mm | |
| 1 | 2 | |||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5 5-1/2 6-5/8 | 9.92 11.35 13.05 17.95 19.83 27.66 | 88,90 101,60 114,30 127,00 139,70 168,28 | 14,76 16,89 19,42 26,71 29,51 41,18 | 7,34 7,26 7,37 9,19 9,17 10,59 |
Lisi o Paipa U'amea ISO/API
| Fa'ailoga | I fafo lautele D mm | Laina fa'a-numera telea, b | Pā mafiafia le malosi t mm | Ituaiga o le fa'ai'ugac | |||||||||||
| E lē o fa'anoanoa Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga kilokalama/mita | Fa'aopoopoga. fa'anoanoa Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga kilokalama/mita | Aofai. so'oga kilokalama/mita | |||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| NU Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga | EU Tuutuuga ma Aiaiga | IJ | H40 | J55 | L80 | N80 Ituaiga 1,Q | C90 | T95 | P110 | ||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 |
| 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 1.900 | 2.40 2.75 3.65 4.42 5.15 | — 2.90 3.73 — — | 2.40 2.76 — — — | 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 48,26 | — 4,09 5,43 6,58 7,66 | — 4,32 5,55 — — | 3,57 4,11 — — — | 3,18 3,68 5,08 6,35 7,62 | PI PNUI PU — — | PI PNUI PU — — | — PNUI PU P P | — PNUI PU — — | — PNUI PU P P | — PNUI PU P P | PU — — |
| 2.063 2.063 | 3.24 4.50 | — — | 3.25 — | 52,40 52,40 | — — | — — | 4,84 — | 3,96 5,72 | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | PI P | P |
| 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 2-3/8 | 4.00 4.60 5.80 6.60 7.35 | 4.70 5.95 7.45 | 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 60,32 | 5,95 6,85 8,63 9,82 10,94 | 6,99 8,85 11,09 | 4,24 4,83 6,45 7,49 8,53 | PN PNU | PN PNU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU — — | PN PNU PNU P PU | PN PNU PNU P PU | PNU PNU | ||
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 6.40 7.80 8.60 9.35 | 6.50 7.90 8.70 9.45 | — — — | 73,02 73,02 73,02 73,02 | 9,52 11,61 12,80 13,91 | 9,67 11,76 12,95 14,06 | — — — | 5,51 7,01 7,82 8,64 | PNU — — | PNU — — | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU — | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU PU | PNU PNU PNU — |
| 2-7/8 2-7/8 | 10.50 11.50 | — | — | 73,02 73,02 | 15,63 17,11 | — | — | 9,96 11,18 | — | — | P P | — | P P | P P | — |
| 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 3-1/2 | 7.70 9.20 10.20 12.70 14.30 15.50 17.00 | — 9.30 — 12.95 — — — | — — — — — — — | 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 88,90 | 11,46 13,69 15,18 18,90 21,28 23,07 25,30 | — 13,84 — 19,27 — — — | — — — — — — — | 5,49 6,45 7,34 9,52 10,92 12,09 13,46 | PN PNU PN — — — — | PN PNU PN — — — — | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU — — — | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | PN PNU PN PNU P P P | — PNU — PNU — — — |
| 4 4 4 4 4 4 | 9.50 10.70 13.20 16.10 18.90 22.20 | — 11.00 — — — — | — — — — — — | 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 101,60 | 14,14 — 19,64 23,96 28,13 33,04 | — 16,37 — — — — | — — — — — — | 5,74 6,65 8,38 10,54 12,70 15,49 | PN PU — — — — | PN PU — — — — | PN PU P P P P | PN PU — — — — | PN PU P P P P | PN PU P P P P | — — — — — — |
| 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 4-1/2 | 12.60 15.20 17.00 18.90 21.50 23.70 26.10 | 12.75 | 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 114,30 | 18,75 22,62 25,30 28,13 32,00 35,27 38,84 | 18,97 | 6,88 8,56 9,65 10,92 12,70 14,22 16,00 | PNU | PNU | PNU P P P P P P | PNU — — — — — — | PNU P P P P P P | PNU P P P P P P | |||
| P = Pito masani, N = Filo e le fa'alavelaveina ma fa'apipi'i, U = Filo fa'alavelaveina ma fa'apipi'i i fafo, I = So'oga tu'ufa'atasi. | |||||||||||||||
| ♦ O fa'ailoga laina fa'aonaponei, filo ma le so'oga (koluma 2, 3, 4) o lo'o fa'aalia mo na'o fa'amatalaga. ♦ E eseese le mafiafia o u'amea martensitic chromium (L80 ituaiga 9Cr ma le 13Cr) mai u'amea kaponi. O le mea lea, o le mamafa o lo'o fa'aalia e le sa'o mo u'amea martensitic chromium. E mafai ona fa'aogaina se fua fa'atatau o le fa'asa'oga mamafa o le 0,989. ♦ E maua paipa e le fa'apipi'i fa'atasi ma so'oga masani po'o so'oga fa'apitoa. E maua paipa fa'apipi'i fafo fa'atasi ma so'oga masani, so'oga fa'apitoa, po'o so'oga fa'apitoa. | |||||||||||||||
Tulaga Masani & Vasega
Pusa ma paipa Vasega Masani:
API 5CT J55,K55,L80, N80,P110, C90, T95, H40
API 5CT ufi ma pito o paipa:
(STC) Pusa filo pupuu lapotopoto
(LC) Pusa filo lapotopoto uumi
(BC) Pusa filo fa'amau
(XC) Pusa pito i luga
Paipa e le fa'alavelaveina (NU)
(EU) Paipa fa'asolo i fafo
(IJ) Paipa feso'ota'iga tu'ufa'atasi
E tatau ona tuʻuina atu le uʻamea ma paipa e tusa ai ma fesoʻotaʻiga o loʻo i luga ma le tulaga faʻatonuina o API5CT / API Standards.
Faiga o le Gaosiga
Puleaina o le Tulaga Lelei
Siakiina o Mea Mata, Su'esu'ega Fa'akemikolo, Su'ega Fa'amekanika, Su'esu'ega Va'aia, Su'ega Fa'ama'a'a, Siaki le Fua, Su'ega Pi'o, Su'ega Fa'apa'u, Su'ega Pa'u, Su'ega DWT, Su'ega NDT, Su'ega Hydrostatic, Su'ega Ma'a'a…..
Fa'ailogaina, Valiina a'o le'i tu'uina atu.
Afifiina ma le Felauaiga
O le auala e afifi ai paipa u'amea e aofia ai le fa'amamāina, fa'aputuina, afifiina, fa'apipi'iina, fa'amauina, fa'ailogaina, fa'apipi'iina i paleti (pe a mana'omia), teuina i totonu o koneteina, teuina, fa'amaufa'ailogaina, felauaiga, ma le tatala. Eseese ituaiga paipa u'amea ma mea fa'apipi'i ma auala eseese e afifi ai. O lenei faiga atoatoa e fa'amautinoa ai o lo'o lafoina paipa u'amea ma taunu'u i lo latou taunu'uga i se tulaga sili ona lelei, ua sauni mo le fa'aaogaina.
Fa'aaogaina ma le Fa'aaogāina
O paipa uʻamea e avea ma ivi autū o faiga faʻainisinia tau alamanuia ma faiga faʻainisinia tau sivili i aso nei, e lagolagoina ai le tele o faʻaoga e fesoasoani i le atinaʻeina o sosaiete ma tamaoaiga i le lalolagi atoa.
O paipa u'amea ma mea fa'apipi'i na matou gaosia e le Womic Steel na fa'aaogaina lautele mo le suau'u, kesi, penisini ma paipa vai, i fafo/i uta, galuega faufale ma fale i uafu, galuega eliina, u'amea faufale, galuega faufale ma pou ma alalaupapa, fa'apea fo'i ma paipa u'amea sa'o mo le gaosiga o le conveyor roller, ma isi mea fa'apena...
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